Chapter 3 Questions 3,7,15

3. What functional abilities do all cells exhibit?

Functional abilities that cells have is that they can metabolize, digest food, reproduce, dispose of waste, grow, move, and react. For example white blood cells wander freely throughout the body tissues and protect the body by destroying harmful bacteria and substances. Some cells make chemicals or hormones to stabilizes the body needs and wants. We need to digest food to get energy and to reproduce to have a offspring. The body needs to react to have the sense of change. We need to grow to develop our bodies and grow up to a full person. 

7. Name the cellular organelles and explain the function of each

Each cellular organelle have different functions to maintain the cell. The nucleus is like a control center or the headquarter, that contains instructions like building a whole body. The nuclear membrane controls movement of materials in and out of the nucleus.  The nucleus contains one or more small dark staining round bodies of nucleoli. The chromatin are formed by loose network of bumpy threads, combined with DNA with protein. Then the chromatin forms rod-like bodies of chromosomes. The cell membrane separates the cell contents from the environment. Centrioles are for cellular division and cellular reproduction. the chloroplast creates glucose, that uses energy from the sun to make food for the plant. Lysosomes breaks down larger food molecules into smaller molecules. The vacuole stores water, waste, and food. The mitochondria breaks down sugar molecules into energy. The endoplasmic reticulum carries materials through the cell. The ribosomes produces proteins. The cytoplasm supports and protects the cell organelles. The cell wall supports and protects the cell and allows H2O and CO2 to pass into the cell. Each cellular organelles contribute to function the cell properly. 

15. Why can an organs cells be permanently damaged if it is amitotic?

An organ can be permanently damaged if the cell is amitoic because the cell is capable of going through mitosis. Any cell can die that cannot be replaces with the remaining of the cell division. When an organ is damaged with a disease or injury, its leads to the cell dying and it cannot be repaired by division of the remaining to replace those that are gone. So organs that are damaged cannot be replaced.